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 NAVAIR 17-15-50.3
TM 38-301-3
T.O. 33-1-37-3
CGTO 33-1-37-3
ENGINE:
IO/O-470 (ALL SERIES)
AIRCRAFT:
(T-34) (O-1) (U-18)
JOAP ATOMIC EMISSION ROTRODE
Fe
Ag
Al
Cr
Cu
Mg
Abnormal Trend
(PPM Increase
26
2
11
6
7
4
in 10 hrs)
Normal Range
0-85
0-3
0-36
0-21
0-25
0-13
Marginal Range
86-105
N/A
37-44
22-26
26-31
14-16
106-
High Range
4
45-54
27-32
32-38
17-19
129
Abnormal
130+
5+
55+*
33+**
39+
20+
Average Concentration Other Elements:
* See Note 1
** See Note 2
Increases in Fe and Cr are indicative of ring/cylinder wear. Increase in Cu alone or in combination with Fe
indicates and main bearing discrepancy.
NOTE
*1.
O-series engines are "wet sump" (oil pan) type engines and oil tank capacity is
small. This causes tendency for sample contamination. Frequent oil change
interval (25-50 hours) must also be considered when evaluating JOAP results.
**2.
If engine is new or recently overhauled, chromium concentration may be
abnormal due to normal wear-in of chromium rings. During this initial wear-in,
iron generally rises to the marginal range with abnormal chromium. Recommend
engine oil be drained, flushed, and reserviced after 10 hours of operation to
establish a normal wear metal trend baseline. Additional oil changes may be
required to rid oil system of contamination if chromium alone continues to rise
above abnormal concentration.
Fe
Push rods, camshaft, cylinder barrels, rocker arms, crankshaft valve
lifters, valve spring washers, valve springs
Fe
Ni +
Cr
Oil pump gears, crankshaft cluster gear, governor drive gears,
camshaft gears, piston rings
Cu
Pb +
Sn
Valve rocker bushings, accessory drive bushings, main bearings,
connecting rod bearings
Cu
Sn +
Zn
Valve guides, piston pin bushings
Mg
Cu +
Al
Crankcase rear cover
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