CHEMICAL GROUP B MUNITIONS cont'd

TM 9-1300-277

(3) CNS is CN solution in chloropicrin and

(6) Self aid. Put on the protective mask,

chloroform. CNB is a solution of CN in benzene and

clear it, and keep the eyes open as much as possible.

carbon tetrachloride (10: 45: 45 respectively).

When vision clears, carry on with duties. When it is

safe to do so, remove the mask and blot away the tears,

(4) CS (o-chlorobenzalmalononitrile) is a

but do not rub the eyes. If liquid or solid agent has

white crystalline solid and is stable under ordinary

entered the eye (not usually the case), try forcibly to

storage conditions. CS melts at 194oF (900C); it may

hold the eye open and flush with water from the canteen

also be used in liquid form in an appropriate solvent.

or eye-wash station.

The chest symptoms after

CS has a pungent pepper-like odor and the cloud is

exposure to CS can be relieved merely by talking.

white at time of release. CS is faster acting, more

Persons with eye or skin burns should report for medical

potent and less toxic than CN; its effectiveness is

treatment as soon as possible.

approximately ten times that of CN.

CS1 is a

micropulverized powder. CS2 is modified CS1 treated

b. Sternutators (Vomiting Agents).

with liquid silicone, resulting in increased fluidity and

(1) DA (diphenylchloroarsine) is a crystalline

persistence.

solid. When concentrated, DA smoke is white; it is

(5) Symptoms following exposure are as

colorless when diluted with air. It is dispersed as a fine

follows:

particulate smoke by heat.

(a) CA and CN (or CNS/ CNB). The

(2) DC (diphemylcyanoarsine) is a crystalline

vapors and smokes of these agents cause basically the

solid. When concentrated, DC smoke is white; it is

same reaction as does CS. However, their toxicity is

colorless when diluted with air. It is dispersed as a fine

generally higher and their effectiveness as tear agents is

particulate smoke by heat.

generally lower than CS. Thus, higher concentrations of

(3) DM (diphenylaminochlorarsine) is also

CN and CA are required to produce an equivalent effect

known as Adamsite; it is a crystalline solid. This is the

to that of CS. Recovery is quick if exposure is brief, but

most commonly used vomiting agent. It is dispersed by

in prolonged exposures mild inflammation of the eyes

heat, in a fine particulate smoke which is canary yellow

and some light-intolerance may occur. Do not rub the

when concentrated. It is colorless when diluted with air.

eyes. There may also be a moderate sense of irritation

(4) Symptoms: Low concentrations of these

in the nose and a stinging sensation of the skin,

agents are effective and may not be detectable at the

particularly in hot weather. Droplets of liquid or particles

time of exposure. Vomiting agents produce a feeling of

of solid in the eyes are corrosive and produce burns

pain and a sense of fulness in the nose and sinuses,

resembling those of strong acids. The liquid on the skin

accompanied by a severe headache, intense burning in

or clothing may cause superficial skin burns near body

the throat, tightness and pain in the chest, and irritation

folds, especially in hot weather, and sometimes may

of the eyes. Coughing is uncontrollable; sneezing is

cause vomiting.

violent and persistent.

Nasal secretion is greatly

(b) CS. CS may cause irritation and

increased and quantities of ropy saliva flow from the

stinging of the skin, especially the face, neck, ears, and

mouth. Nausea and vomiting are prominent. Mental

body folds. Stinging may occur even at moderately low

depression may occur during the progression of

contamination.

Higher concentration may cause

symptoms. Mild symptoms, caused by exposure to very

dermatitis and, rarely, blisters on some body areas. The

low concentrations, resemble those of a severe cold.

stinging normally subsides after 6 to 10 minutes, even

The onset of symptoms may be delayed for several

with continued exposure. An increase in stinging may

minutes after initial exposure, especially

be noted when the individual is removed to fresh air.

Even if this occurs, permanent damage is unlikely.

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