Actions of Pressures on Cargo.

TM 38-400/NAVSUP PUB 572/AFMAN 23-210 MCO 4450.14/DLAM 4145.12

OPEN TOP CARLOADING MANUAL (Continued)

Pamphlet

Subject

Section

Subject

No.

6-C .....Illustrating Approved Methods for Loading and Bracing

Trailer and Less-Than-Trailer Shipments of

24 ......... Delete.

Explosives and Other Dangerous Articles Via Trailer-

25 ......... Rules Regulating the Safe Loading of Paper and

on-Flat Car (TOFC) or Container-on-Flat-Car

Similar Commodities on Skids in Closed Cars and

(COFC) Service.

Protection of Equipment.

26 ......... Rules Regulating the Safe Loading of Gypsum

Tariff No. Department of Transportation Regulations for

Plaster-board, Wallboard, Sheathing, Lath, and

19. ........ Transportation of Explosives and Other Dangerous

Plaster in Closed Cars and Protection of Equipment.

Articles by Land and Water in Rail Freight Service

27 ......... Methods for Loading, Bracing and Blocking Carload

and by Motor Vehicles (Highway) and Water

Shipments of Empty Projectiles, Bombs, and

Including Specifications for Shipping Containers.

Cartridge Cases in Closed Cars.

28 ......... Delete.

29 ......... Household Appliances in Closed Cars.

d. Other Publications.

30 ......... Rules Regulating the Safe Loading of Prepared

(1) Transportation of Hazardous Materials by

Roofing Materials in Closed Cars and Protection of

Motor, Rail, and Water, American Trucking

Equipment.

Associations, Incorporated, Agent Tariff No. 111C, or

31 ......... Delete.

reissues thereof.

32 ......... Delete.

(2) Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations

33 ......... Delete.

(CFR), parts 100 through 199.

34 ......... Loading and Unloading Tank Cars Used for

(3) International Air Transport Association,

Transporting Non-Dangerous Liquids.

Dangerous Goods Regulations.

35 ......... Delete.

36 ......... Delete.

3-69. Actions of Pressures on Cargo.

37 ......... Delete.

38 ......... Carload Shipments of Unsaturated Roofing Felt and

a. Types of pressure. The types of pressure action

Pulp-board Paper in Closed Cars.

on loads shipped by rail are as follows:

39 ......... Methods for Preparing and Loading of Newsprint.

(1) Lateral (or crosswise) pressure occurs

40 ......... Methods for Loading, Bracing, and Blocking Carload

when rounding curves.

Shipments of Vitrified Clay Sewer Pipe in Closed

(2) Vertical pressure occurs because of the

Cars.

action of the railcars hitting low joints and crossings.

41 ......... Dictionary of Standard Terms for Use in Describing

Loading and Bracing Methods for Shipments of

(3) Lengthwise pressure occurs in coupling,

Commodities in Closed Cars.

starting, stopping, switching, and in slack action.

42 ......... Glass, Rolled and Plate.

42-F...... General Rules Covering Loading of Carload

b. The closed care. Considering the pressures that

Shipments of Commodities in Closed Cars.

materials are subjected to in over the road travel by rail

43-A ..... Rules Governing the Loading, Blocking, and Bracing

and considering the boxcar as a big shipping container

of Freight in Closed Trailers and Containers for

on wheels, the bracing and blocking mediums in the car

TOFC/COFC Service.

should be essentially the same as the interior packaging

of individual shipping containers.

c. Pamphlets and Tariffs (Explosives). The Bureau

c. Vertical pressure.

of Explosives publishes the following pamphlets and

(1) Absorption of vertical pressure.

The

tariffs (or reissues thereof) which may be obtained from

vertical pressures or vibrations, over and above the

the Association of American Railroads, Bureau of

overhead weight of the load, are the most numerous but

Explosives, 50 F Street, NW, Washington, DC 20001:

are small in magnitude and are accumulative.

Generally, the damaging action from vertical pressure is

absorbed by the interior cushioning or bracing within the

Pamphlet

Subject

individual package or containers.

(2) Commodities

affected

vertical

6 ........... Illustrating Approved Methods for Loading and

pressures. Certain commodities are sensitive to vertical

Bracing Carload and Less-Than-Carload Shipments

pressures and must receive additional bracing or

of Explosives and Other Hazardous Materials.

cushioning as well as a selected method of loading. For

example, if rolls of lineolum are loaded flat, the vertical

6-A ....... Illustrating Approved Methods for Loading and

pressure of vibrations will tend to flatten the rolls and

Bracing of Carload Shipments of Military

Ammunication and Explosives.

6-B ....... Delete.

3-46