Freight Loss and Damage.

TM 38-400/NAVSUP PUB 572/AFMAN 23-210 MCO 4450.14/DLAM 4145.12

is properly loaded and the load secured before the

(2) Strength. The bulkhead will be strong

vehicle moves.

enough to withstand a horizontal forward force equal to

one-half the static weight of the cargo carried. This

3-82. Freight Loss and Damage.

would be when such force is distributed over that part of

the bulkhead extending from the vehicle floor, upward to

a. Adherence to methods and techniques to

a height sufficient to stop the forward movement of any

prevent loss and damage. Adherence to prescribed

piece of lading carried on the vehicle. It could also be to

loading and securing methods and techniques will help

the height of the driver's compartment or a combination,

reduce loss and damage to shipments in transit to a

whichever is the lesser height.

minimum.

(3) Penetration resistance. Bulkheads will be

b. Visible loss or damage. Visible loss or damage

so designed, constructed, and maintained so as to resist

existing at time of receipt of a shipment should be

penetration by any piece of lading carried on the vehicle

properly recorded by the receiving personnel in

when such vehicle is subjected to the maximum

accordance with the procedures of the appropriate

deceleration of its service brakes. Bulkheads will not

military department.

have openings large enough to pass the smallest piece

c. Concealed loss or damage. A complete report

of lading carried on the vehicle.

of circumstances, including the time damage to or loss

c. Blocking and bracing requirements.

of shipment was observed, should promptly be made to

the appropriate local military freight traffic personnel

(1) Cargoes subject to forward shifting. On

responsible for initiating a Transportation Discrepancy

vehicles carrying cargoes which cannot be placed firmly

Report (TDR), when--

against the forward bulkhead, suitable blocking and

bracing or tiedowns will be provided in addition to the

(1) Damage to or shortage in a shipment was

bulkhead specified in b above to prevent the forward

not observed at time of receipt from the commercial

shifting of such cargoes when the vehicle is subjected to

carrier (concealed loss or damage).

the maximum deceleration of its service brakes.

(2) Damage or shortage is discovered while

(2) Cargo subject to side shifting in transit.

being stored, processed, or reshipped from storage.

Vehicles carrying cargoes of such nature as to be

(3) It can be shown that the loss or damage

subject to side shifting in transit, even when equipped

did not occur after the material left the custody of the

with sideboards or stakes, as required in e below, will

carrier.

have such cargo securely blocked or braced to the sides

(4) It is indicated that the loss or damage

of the vehicle.

occurred during shipment.

d. Tiedown requirements. Every cargo-carrying

vehicle will be equipped with either sideboards or

3-83. Instructions for Securing Materials

tiedown devices designed to prevent the falling, shifting

Transported by DOD-Owned-Motor Vehicles.

forward, or backward motion of any lading being carried.

a. General. Every truck, semitrailer, full trailer,

Tiedown devices will be as follows:

and pole trailer used for transporting cargo over public

(1) If the vehicle is without sideboards or

streets and highways will be equipped with bulkhead,

sides, it shall be equipped with a minimum of two

tiedowns, sideboards, and blocking as hereinafter

tiedown devices on load lengths of 21 feet or less.

specified. Combinations consisting of a truck trailer and

For loads over 21 feet, a minimum of three tiedown

a pole trailer shall have the option of providing a

devices will be used and an additional tiedown device

bulkhead mounted either on the front of the pole trailer

for each 10 feet of load length over 30 feet. If

or behind the driver's compartment of the tractor. When

necessary, additional tiedown devices will be provided

the bulk-head required is mounted on the tractor, the

to secure each piece of lading being transported, either

lading on the pole trailer will be securely fastened with

by direct contact with the tiedown devices or by use of

tiedowns meeting the requirements listed herein.

dunnage contacting sufficient individual pieces of the

b. Bulkhead requirements.

lading and the dunnage then secured by the tiedown.

(1) Height and width. Bulkheads will be of

(2) Each tiedown device will be equipped with

such heights as to block the forward motion of any piece

a load binder, Federal specification GGG-G-325, Binder,

of lading on the vehicle, or alternately, as high as the

load. The binder chain will be attached to the tiedown

driver's compartment of the vehicle or combination.

bar or to such other tiedown devices provided by the

Bulkheads will be of such width as to block' the forward

truck manufacturer. When vehicles are not equipped

motion of any piece of lading of the vehicle or

with tiedown devices, the binder chain will be of

alternately, as wide as the widest portion of the vehicle.

3-74